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Capture of HMS Penguin : ウィキペディア英語版
Capture of HMS Penguin

On March 23, 1815 captured HMS ''Penguin'' in a short battle off Tristan da Cunha. It was one of several engagements that took place after the War of 1812 had ended, and was the final action between British and American forces. The American gunnery was far more effective than the British, despite the two being virtually identical in strength. After exchanging both broadsides and musket fire, the British commander was killed and several of his troops and sailors were killed or wounded. The British brig rammed the American ship in an attempt to board, but the two were separated and ''Penguin'' was disabled shortly afterwards when the foremast fell, forcing the British to surrender. The British brig was too badly damaged to be salvaged and was set ablaze by the victors after its stores were removed.
==Background==
Late in 1814, the United States Navy had been preparing a small squadron at New York, to attack British shipping in the Indian Ocean. The squadron consisted of the frigate USS ''President'' (Captain Stephen Decatur), the sloops of war USS ''Peacock'' (Master Commandant Lewis Warrington) and USS ''Hornet'' (Master Commandant James Biddle) and the brig-rigged tender USS ''Tom Bowline''.
On 15 January, Decatur took advantage of a north-westerly gale to break out alone in the ''President'', but the frigate went aground on the bar at the harbour mouth and received damage which delayed it for two hours and slowed it. Decatur was unable to turn back as the gale was still blowing, and the ''President'' was captured after being pursued by the four frigates of the blockading British squadron.〔Forester, pp.205-209〕
The commanders of the other American vessels were not aware of Decatur's fate. When another gale blew up on 22 January, they sailed out in broad daylight under storm canvas and evaded the blockaders through their speed and weatherliness.〔Forester, p.217〕 They made for a pre-arranged rendezvous with the ''President'' off Tristan da Cunha. This island was being used by the Americans as a cruiser base. During the voyage, ''Hornet'' lost touch with the other two vessels. ''Peacock'' and ''Tom Bowline'' reached the rendezvous first, on 18 March, but were then driven off by a gale. ''Hornet'' reached the island on 22 March.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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